South Africa

Continent: Africa
Climate: Subtropical

Perciformes - Perches

Potato grouper (Epinephelus tukula)

Rubberlip grunt (Plectorhinchus mediterraneus)

Damselfish (Chromis chromis)

Goldblotch grouper (Epinephelus costae)

Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips (Plectorhinchus vittatus)

Spotted soapfish (Pogonoperca punctata)

Goldenstriped soapfish (Grammistes sexlineatus)

Blacktail comber (Serranus atricauda)

Goldribbon soapfish (Aulacocephalus temminckii)

Emperor red snapper (Lutjanus sebae)

Canary damsel (Similiparma lurida)

Orange-striped emperor (Lethrinus obsoletus)

Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)

Midnight snapper (Macolor macularis)

Black and white snapper (Macolor niger)

Lemonfish (Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus)

Longface emperor (Lethrinus olivaceus)

Blackspot snapper (Lutjanus ehrenbergii)

Two-striped sweetlips (Plectorhinchus albovittatus)

Painted sweetlip (Plectorhinchus picus)

Bastard grunt (Pomadasys incisus)

Smallspotted grunter (Pomadasys commersonnii)

Comber (Serranus cabrilla)

Painted comber (Serranus scriba)

Brown comber (Serranus hepatus)

One-spot damselfish (Chrysiptera unimaculata)

Common bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira)

Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)

Spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus)

Swallowtail sea perch (Anthias anthias)

White grouper (Epinephelus aeneus)

(Paranthias furcifer)

Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes

Galjoen (Dichistius capensis)

Bermuda sea chub (Kyphosus sectatrix)

Brassy chub (Kyphosus vaigiensis)

Gadiformes - Cods

Whiting (Merlangius merlangus)

Abyssal grenadier (Coryphaenoides armatus)

Silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus)

Pouting (Trisopterus luscus)

Spanish ling (Molva macrophthalma)

Shore rockling (Gaidropsarus mediterraneus)

Forkbeard (Phycis phycis)

Greater forkbeard (Phycis blennoides)

Spariformes - Breams and porgies

Moroccan white seabream (Diplodus cadenati)

Zebra sea bream (Diplodus cervinus)

Blotched picarel (Spicara maena)

Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne)

Blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo)

Common two-banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris)

Sargo (Diplodus sargus)

Annular seabream (Diplodus annularis)

Sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

Common dentex (Dentex dentex)

Salema (Sarpa salpa)

Sand steenbras (Lithognathus mormyrus)

South African zebra seabream (Diplodus hottentotus)

Gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata)

Black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)

Red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)

Pink dentex (Dentex gibbosus)

Redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga)

Saddled seabream (Oblada melanura)

Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus)

Bogue (Boops boops)

Zeiformes - Dories

John Dory (Zeus faber)

Anguilliformes - Eels and morays

Goldentail moray (Gymnothorax miliaris)

Laced moray (Gymnothorax favagineus)

Purplemouth moray (Gymnothorax vicinus)

Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena)

European conger (Conger conger)

Zebra moray (Gymnomuraena zebra)

European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Gymnothorax undulatus (Gymnothorax undulatus)

Green moray (Gymnothorax funebris)

Carangiformes - Jacks

Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Guinean amberjack (Seriola carpenteri)

Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)

Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans)

Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus albicans)

Shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris)

Black jack (Caranx lugubris)

Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos)

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)

False scad (Caranx rhonchus)

Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus)

Rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata)

Bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus)

Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis)

Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)

Bigeye trevally (Caranx sexfasciatus)

Common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus)

Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus)

Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)

Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albida)

Striped marlin (Kajikia audax)

Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

Yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi)

Longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana)

Leerfish (Lichia amia)

Beloniformes - Needlefishes

Flat needlefish (Ablennes hians)

Hound needlefish (Tylosurus crocodilus)

Garfish (Belone belone)

Ballyhoo halfbeak (Hemiramphus brasiliensis)

Agujon Needlefish (Tylosurus acus)

Scombriformes - Mackerels

Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri)

Dogtooth tuna (Gymnosarda unicolor)

Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus)

Atlantic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)

Albacore (Thunnus alalunga)

Narrow-barred spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)

Silver scabbardfish (Lepidopus caudatus)

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

Labriformes - Wrasses

Brown wrasse (Labrus merula)

Barred thicklip (Hemigymnus fasciatus)

Green wrasse (Labrus viridis)

Blackeye thicklip wrasse (Hemigymnus melapterus)

Lyretail hogfish (Bodianus anthioides)

Yellowbreasted wrasse (Anampses twistii)

Mediterranean rainbow wrasse (Coris julis)

Cuckoo wrasse (Labrus mixtus)

Clown wrasse (Coris aygula)

Corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops)

Goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris)

Daisy parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus)

Ornate wrasse (Thalassoma pavo)

Ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus)

Diana’s hogfish (Bodianus diana)

Axilspot hogfish (Bodianus axillaris)

Batu coris (Coris batuensis)

Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus)

Rusty parrotfish (Scarus ferrugineus)

Axillary wrasse (Symphodus mediterraneus)

East Atlantic peacock wrasse (Symphodus tinca)

Pearly razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula)

Five-spotted wrasse (Symphodus roissali)

Peacock wrasse (Iniistius pavo)

Fivefinger razorfish (Iniistius pentadactylus)

Grey wrasse (Symphodus cinereus)

Sling-jaw wrasse (Epibulus insidiator)

Dusky wrasse (Halichoeres marginatus)

Baillon’s wrasse (Symphodus bailloni)

Mediterranean parrotfish (Sparisoma cretense)

Zigzag wrasse (Halichoeres scapularis)

Checkerboard wrasse (Halichoeres hortulanus)

Blue-spotted wrasse (Anampses caeruleopunctatus)

Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Clupeiformes - Herrings

Twaite shad (Alosa fallax)

European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)

European sprat (Sprattus sprattus)

Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes

Devil firefish (Pterois miles)

Bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus)

Small red scorpionfish (Scorpaena notata)

Wispy waspfish (Paracentropogon longispinis)

Madeira rockfish (Scorpaena maderensis)

Black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus)

Streaked gurnard (Chelidonichthys lastoviza)

Tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna)

Red scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa)

Spotfin lionfish (Pterois antennata)

Red lionfish (Pterois volitans)

Red sea lionfish (Pterois cincta)

Grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus)

Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes

Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

Canary drum (Umbrina canariensis)

Japanese meagre (Argyrosomus japonicus)

Short-nosed unicornfish (Naso brevirostris)

Bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis)

Whitemargin unicornfish (Naso annulatus)

Shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa)

Goldtail angelfish (Pomacanthus chrysurus)

Scissortail sergeant (Abudefduf sexfasciatus)

Bluering angelfish (Pomacanthus annularis)

Regal angelfish (Pygoplites diacanthus)

Brown meagre (Sciaena umbra)

Blackspot sergeant (Abudefduf sordidus)

Semicircled angelfish (Pomacanthus semicirculatus)

Emperor angelfish (Pomacanthus imperator)

Doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus)

Yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus)

Old woman angelfish (Pomacanthus rhomboides)

Yellowtail sergeant (Abudefduf notatus)

Dusky spinefoot (Siganus luridus)

Indo-Pacific sergeant (Abudefduf vaigiensis)

Atlantic Sergeant Major (Abudefduf saxatilis)

Lined surgeonfish (Acanthurus lineatus)

Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes

Broom filefish (Amanses scopas)

Ocean sunfish (Mola mola)

Macaronesian sharpnose-puffer (Canthigaster capistrata)

Guinean puffer (Sphoeroides marmoratus)

Long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus)

Spot-fin porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix)

Grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus)

Immaculate puffer (Arothron immaculatus)

Queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula)

American whitespotted filefish (Cantherhines macrocerus)

Scrawled filefish (Aluterus scriptus)

Mugiliformes - Mullets

South African mullet (Chelon richardsonii)

Boxlip mullet (Oedalechilus labeo)

Thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus)

Golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus)

Thinlip grey mullet (Chelon ramada)

Leaping mullet (Chelon saliens)

Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)

Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders

Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus)

Indo-Pacific tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides)

Istiophoriformes - Barracudas

Yellowmouth Barracuda (Sphyraena viridensis)

Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda)

Mulliformes - Goatfishes

Gold-saddle goatfish (Parupeneus cyclostomus)

Dash-and-dot goatfish (Parupeneus barberinus)

Red mullet (Mullus barbatus)

Yellow goatfish (Mulloidichthys martinicus)

Yellowstripe goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus)

Moroniformes - Temperate basses

European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Spotted seabass (Dicentrarchus punctatus)

Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes

Atlantic stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber)

Speckled sandperch (Parapercis hexophtalma)

Lesser weever (Echiichthys vipera)

Blenniiformes - Blennies

Sphinx blenny (Aidablennius sphynx)

Butterfly blenny (Blennius ocellaris)

Peacock blenny (Salaria pavo)

Rock-pool blenny (Parablennius parvicornis)

Hairy blenny (Labrisomus nuchipinnis)

Molly miller (Scartella cristata)

Ringneck blenny (Parablennius pilicornis)

Montagu’s blenny (Coryphoblennius galerita)

Gurnard blenny (Lipophrys trigloides)

Shanny (Lipophrys pholis)

Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Wide-eyed flounder (Bothus podas)

Channel flounder (Syacium micrurum)

Gobiiformes - Gobies

Dusky frillgoby (Bathygobius fuscus)

Frillfin goby (Bathygobius soporator)

Transparent goby (Aphia minuta)

Madeira Goby (Mauligobius maderensis)

Common goby (Pomatoschistus microps)

Leopard-spotted goby (Thorogobius ephippiatus)

Fries's goby (Lesueurigobius friesii)

Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes

Sabre squirrelfish (Sargocentron spiniferum)

Redcoat (Sargocentron rubrum)

Squirrelfish (Holocentrus adscensionis)

Beryciformes - Sawbellies

Alfonsino (Beryx decadactylus)

Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses

Blackmouth ocean bass (Synagrops bellus)

Atlantic wreckfish (Polyprion americanus)

Lampriformes - Lamprids

Blackflash ribbonfish (Trachipterus jacksonensis)

Mediterranean dealfish (Trachipterus trachypterus)

North Atlantic opah (Lampris guttatus)

Giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne)

Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes

European anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)

Blackbellied anglerfish (Lophius budegassa)

Striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus)

Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses

Broadnosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle)

Network pipefish (Corythoichthys flavofasciatus)

Ringed pipefish (Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus)

Bluespotted cornetfish (Fistularia commersonii)

Greater pipefish (Syngnathus acus)

Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes

Mediterranean cardinalfish (Apogon imberbis)

Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards

Flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans)

Atheriniformes - Silversides

Sand smelt (Atherina presbyter)

Big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri)

Argentiniformes - Marine smelts

Argentine (Argentina sphyraena)

Callionymiformes - Dragonets

Common dragonet (Callionymus lyra)

Reticulated dragonet (Callionymus reticulatus)

Carcharhiniformes - Ground sharks

Blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)

Starry smooth-hound (Mustelus asterias)

Blacktail reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)

Lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)

Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris)

Blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus)

Smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena)

Common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus)

Striped catshark (Poroderma africanum)

Leopard catshark (Poroderma pantherinum)

Starspotted smooth-hound (Mustelus manazo)

Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas)

Silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)

Milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus)

Lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris)

Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis)

Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran)

Lamniformes - Mackerel sharks

Thresher (Alopias vulpinus)

Bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus)

Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

Sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus)

Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus)

Smalltooth sand tiger (Odontaspis ferox)

Orectolobiformes - Carpet shark

Zebra shark (Stegostoma tigrinum)

Whale shark (Rhincodon typus)

Nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum)

Squaliformes - Sleeper and dogfish sharks

Velvet belly lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax)

Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes

Milkfish (Chanos chanos)

Myliobatiformes - Stingrays

Cowtail stingray (Pastinachus sephen)

Common eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila)

Blue-spotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii)

Common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca)

Marbled stingray (Dasyatis marmorata)

Round ribbontail ray (Taeniurops meyeni)

Giant manta ray (Mobula birostris)

Round fantail stingray (Taeniurops grabatus)

Reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi)

Rajiformes - Skates and rays

Common skate (Dipturus batis)

Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels

Pudgy cuskeel (Spectrunculus grandis)

Brunswig's Cusk-eel (Lamprogrammus brunswigi)

Bearded brotula (Brotula barbata)

Rhinopristiformes - Shovelnose rays

Giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis)

Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes

Spotted lanternfish (Myctophum punctatum)

Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes

Tube-eye (Stylephorus chordatus)

Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels

Snub-nosed spiny eel (Notacanthus chemnitzii)

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho.

It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania.

South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life.

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