Hogfish
(Lachnolaimus maximus)

The hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus), also known as boquinete, doncella de pluma or pez perro in Mexico is a species of wrasse native to the Western Atlantic Ocean, living in a range from Nova Scotia, Canada, to northern South America, including the Gulf of Mexico. This species occurs around reefs, especially preferring areas with plentiful gorgonians. It is a carnivore which feeds on molluscs, as well as crabs and sea urchins. This species is currently the only known member of its genus.

The hogfish possesses a very elongated snout, which it uses to search for crustaceans buried in the sediment. This very long pig-like snout and its rooting behavior give the hogfish its name. A prominent black spot behind the pectoral fins differentiates males from females. The dorsal fin usually is composed of three or four long dorsal spines followed by a series of shorter dorsal spines.

Hogfish reach a maximum of 91 cm (36 in) in total length and a weight of about 11 kg (24 lb).

Females and juveniles usually start out as pale gray, brown, or reddish-brown in color, with a paler underside and no distinct patterns. Males are distinguished by a deep, dark band spanning from the snout to the first dorsal spine, and by a lateral black spot behind the pectoral fins. Hogfish also have a form of active camouflage to blend in against coral or sand.

Like many wrasses, the hogfish is a sequential hermaphrodite, meaning it changes sex during different life stages; it is a protogynous, first female hermaphrodite; juvenile hogfish start out as female and then mature to become male. The change usually occurs around three years of age and about 14 inches in length.

Hogfish have been recorded to live up to 11 years.Spawning in South Florida occurs from November through June.

Hogfish social groups are organized into harems where one male will mate and protect a group of females in his territory.